five year plan model assessment

The concept of economic planning in India or five year plan is derived from Russia (then USSR🥺). India has launched 12 five year plans so far.

The government of India has decided to stop the launching of five year plans and it was replaced by [[Planning Commission & Niti Ayog]].

[[First Five Year Plan 1951-56]]

• Launched on April 1, 1951
• Based on the Harrod-Domar Model.
• ==Agriculture== was the main priority
• National income was 3.6% (it was targeted at 2.1%)
• The per capita income growth rate was 1.8%
• Dams like Bhakra, Hirakud, Mettur Dam and Damodar Valley are initiated during this time.

[[Second Five Year Plan 1956 - 61]]

• Based on Mahalonobis model
• Initiate and accelerate the process of industrialization
• This plan was successful and achieved the growth rate of 4.1%
• Iron and steel Plants at Bhilai, Durgapur and Rourkela were established during this time.
• Research Institute like Tata Institute of Fundamental Research and Atomic Energy commission of India was established.

[[Third Five Year Plan 1961 - 66]]

• This plan was called ‘GadgilYojana’ also
• The main target of this plan was to make the economy independent and to reach self propelled position or take off.
• National income was only at 2.5% and it was targeted at 5.6% per annum. Due to Indo -China war.
• Per capita income was only 0.2% per annum.

[[Plan Holiday 1966 - 69]]

• The main reason behind the plan holiday was the Indo-Pakistan war & failure of third plan.
• During this period, annual plans were made and equal priority was given to agriculture, its allied sectors and the industry sector.

[[Forth Five Year Plan 1969 - 74]]

• Growth with stability and progressive achievement of self reliance
• This plan failed and could achieve growth rate of 3.3% only, against the target of 5.7%.

[[Fifth Five Year Plan 1974 - 79]]

• Plan top priority was given to agriculture, next came industry and mines.
• The draft of this plan was prepared and launched by D.P. Dhar. This plan was terminated in 1978.
• This plan followed the path of export promotion and import substitution.
• Plan was successful, which achieved the growth rate of 4.8% against the target of 4.4%.

[[Rolling Plan 1978-80]]

• Janata Government ended the Five Year Plan and introduced a new plan called Rolling Plan between 1978-1980. Rolling Plan is a variant of short term plan.

[[Sixth Five Year Plan 1980 - 85]]

• In 1980 the 6th plan prepared by Janata Government was abandoned by the Congress Government.A new plan was started.
• It was based on investment yojana.
• The basic objective of this plan was poverty eradication and technological self reliance. Poverty eradication (GARIBI-HATAO) was the motto.
• Its growth target was 5.2% but it achieved 5.7%.

[[Seventh Five Year Plan 1985-90]]

• Objectives of this plan included the establishment of the self sufficient economy and opportunities for productive employment.
• For the first time, due to the pressure from private sector the private sector got the priority over public sector.
• Its growth target was 5.0% but it achieved 6.0%.

[[Annual Plan 1990 - 91 & 92]]

• Eighth five year Plan could not take place due to volatile political situation at the centre. So two annual programmes are formed in 1990-91& 1991-92.
• New Industrial Policy – 1991 initiated.

[[Eighth Five Year Plan 1992 - 97]]

• Top priority was given to development of the human resources i.e. employment, education and public health.
• During this plan, New Economic Policy of India was introduced.
• Annual growth rate of 6.8% against the target of 5.6%.

[[Ninth Five Year Plan 1997 - 2002]]

• Growth with justice and equity
• This plan failed to achieve the growth target of 7% and grew only at the rate of 5.6%.

[[Tenth Five Year Plan 2002 - 2007]]

• This plan aimed to double the per capita income of India in the next 10 years. Inum agala
• It aimed to reduce the poverty ratio to 15% by 2012.
• Its growth target was 8.0% but it achieved only 7.2%.
• ==Universal access to primary education==
• ==Compulsory elementary education (SSA 2002).==
• ==Reduction in the decadal rate of population growth between 2001 and 2011 to 16.2%==
• ==Increase in the literacy rate to 72% by 2007==
• ==Reduction of IMR to 45==
• ==Reduction of MMR to 2 per 1000 live births==
• ==Increase in the forest and trees cover to 25%==
• ==Cleaning all major polluted rivers.==

[[Eleventh Five Year Plan 2007 - 12]]

• Its main theme was “faster and more inclusive growth”.
• Its growth rate target was 8.1% but it achieved only 7.9%

[[Twelth Five Year Plan 2012 - 17]]

• Its main theme is “Faster, More Inclusive and Sustainable Growth”.
• Its growth rate target is 8%.
• Ithu success acha ilaya nu therila